Comparison of Edgar Allen Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and...

Comparison of Edgar A. Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and Stephen Kings Misery Introduction The objective of this study is to compare Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and Stephen Kings Misery. Poes work entitled The Tell-Tale Heart begins with the statement: TRUE! nervous very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses --not destroyed --not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily --how calmly I can tell you the whole story. (Poe, 1843) Poe states that he does not know how he first acquired the idea but that once it had entered into his mind that the idea overtook him. He had no reason for what he had done and in fact, he loved the old man and the old man had never done anything wrong to him. The old man had no material possessions he wanted however, Poe states: I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture a pale blue eye, with a film over it. (Poe, 1843) Poe states that when that eye looked towards him that his blood ran cold, and so by degrees very gradually I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. (Poe, 1843) Stephen Kings work entitled Misery begins by stating the following: When you look into the abyss, the abyss also looks into you. C.

The Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant - 1439 Words

ISIS is known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and was formed in 1999 by member Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. ISIS was originally from al-Qaeda, another terrorist group, but this group mainly was a small insurgent group in Iraq in 2006 and would help assist in the Syrian Civil War in 2013. They took Iraq in October 2006, then Levant in April 8, 2013; however, they would then be separated from al-Qaeda because of the war between ISIS and Jabhat al Nusra. In 2015, ISIS would then be considered as the number one most dangerous group of terrorists in history. After four ISIS members went on a shooting rampage and blew themselves up in Paris, where over one hundred fifty people would lose their lives; a conspiracy theory explaining that the†¦show more content†¦Two years later, the Iraq war would start in March 2003, and after eight years of fighting in Iraq the war would end in 2011. As a result, at the end of the war, the U.S had destroyed the government, toppled Saddam Huss ein, and destroyed Iraq’s governmental infrastructure. However, the most important thing that the U.S. left behind was a power vacuum, in a political standpoint, this means when some have lost government authority or power and no one can replace them. Which means a new type of government can be utilized as a democracy, monarchy, or even a communist rule. So anyone with a military and government control can take over Iraq and claim it as their territory. This power vacuum left behind from the U.S would start the formation of ISIS, they would gain control over Iraq as America had withdrew all military forces from the country. Lister (2014) stated that â€Å"The aim of ISIS is to create an Islamic state across Sunni areas of Iraq and in Syria.†(para.4). Before the war, people suspected Iraq was just another corrupted country, but it was not because it had a decent functioning government, and many average people in Iraq were able to live an ordinary life in the country; al though, conditions for minority religious people were somewhat bad in Iraq. It was probably the only bad part about Iraq, but it’s mainly a social issue in Iraq’s

Esraa ali Free Essays

The Dubai Mall Dubai mall is one of the biggest malls in the world, and the biggest mall in the UAE, it’s located in Dubai near of Khalifa Tower. It’s an amazing place, a lot of people visit Dubai to see Dubai mall. Dubai mall includes more than 1,200 shops and most of them are expensive but some of them are affordable. We will write a custom essay sample on Esraa ali or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clothes shops such as Mark Spencer and HM, sports stuffs such as Nike and Puma, Electronic shops, Candy stores, Shoes shops such as Aldo, Shoe Mart and Crocs , And for sure baby shops such as Mother care and many others . In the 2nd floor, there where you can find the Food Court which filled with many different kinds of restaurants, Fast food restaurants such as Shack Shack and MacDonald’s, Family restaurants such as Chilies, Chinese food restaurants such as Bamboo Garden restaurant and Indian food restaurants such as Maharaja Palace. Dubai mall even includes Mexican food restaurants such as Amrigds and healthy food restaurants such as Subway for those who likes to keep their selves fit. Finally its worth to mention that Dubai mall includes a very large entertainment place such as Dubai Aquarium And under water Zoo for an amazing experience in he underwater world, The Ice rink , the Shark tunnel, and for sure Cinema with a large screens and more than 2,800 seats for the movie lovers ! its worth to mention that Dubai mall entertainment court includes a fast roller Costar which can give you an unforgettable ride. And near of it there where you can find the Kids Playing Court. To conclude, Dubai Mall is a perfect place to have fun and to spend an unforgettable day, in my opinion the view of the Dancing fountain in the mall is very adorable. It’s a perfect place to enjoy and to have a very good shopping experience. How to cite Esraa ali, Papers

Biography of karl marx Essay Example For Students

Biography of karl marx Essay Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in the Rhine province of Prussia, now in Germany. Marx was an economic theorist who composed the idea of communism which included the idea of all the people owning all the property and infrastructure. These theories played a large role in international politics and the cold war in the mid to late 20th century. Marx was the oldest surviving boy of nine children. (Perhaps this is where his theory on equality of resources began. Competing with eight brothers and sisters for attention would have seen an unequal distribution of the parent’s resources to the children) His mother, born Henrietta Pressburg, was from Holland. Both parents were Jewish and were descended from a long line of rabbis, but, a year or so before Karl was born, his fatherprobably because his professional career required itwas baptized in the Evangelical Established Church. Karl was baptized when he was six years old. Even though Karl was baptized as a youth he still faced discrimination because of his Jewish background. (Marx may have seen from this discrimination that religion wasn’t necessary and was â€Å" the opium of the masses)In October 1835 Marx matriculated at the University of Bonn. The courses he attended were exclusively in the humanities, in subjects such as Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. He participated in the usual student activities got involved in a fight and spent a day in jail for being drunk and disorderly. Mark left the University and enrolled at the Berlin University to start a law degree. Here Marx joined a Hegelian club these clubs followed the teachings of a philosopher called Hegel. The club denounced religion particularly Christianity. We will write a custom essay on Biography of karl marx specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In January 1842 Marx began contributing to a newspaper newly founded in Cologne, the Rheinische Zeitung. It was the liberal democratic organ of a group of young merchants, bankers, and industrialists. By October 1842 Marx became editor of the newspaper. Marx built up the circulation and began writing controversial editorials. Eventually the Prussian authorities suspended production of the newspaper because it was seen as being too controversial. In June 1843 Marx married his fiance of seven years, Jenny von Westphalen. They moved to Paris which was at the time the centre of socialist thought. Marx met his life long buddy Frederich Engels here and they wrote the French – German yearbook. The Prussian government intervened and Mark was kicked out of Paris. He travelled to Brussels with his wife and Engels. Marx began talking to the heads of unions and the working class in Brussels. An unusual sequence of events led Marx and Engels to write their pamphlet The Communist Manifesto. In June 1847 a secret society, the League of the Just, composed mainly of emigrant German handicraftsmen, met in London and decided to formulate a political program. They sent a representative to Marx to ask him to join the league; Marx overcame his doubts and, with Engels, joined the organization, which thereupon changed its name to the Communist League and enacted a democratic constitution. Entrusted with the task of composing their program, Marx and Engels worked from the middle of December 1847 to the end of January 1848. The London Communists were already impatiently threatening Marx with disciplinary action when he sent them the manuscript; they promptly adopted it as their manifesto.In 1848 revolution erupted throughout France, Italy, and Austria. Marx had been invited to Paris by a member of the provisional government just in time to avoid expulsion by the Belgian government. As the revolution gained in Austria and Germany, Marx returned to the Rhineland. (Marx must have be lieved the ideas in the communist manifesto were becoming reality as the revolutions took off). During the same year Marx believed that the communist league in London was no longer relevant and that the communist manifesto should be shelved. In 1849 Marx was expelled from Berlin he travelled to London where he was to spend the rest of his life. Marx spend the period from 1850 to 1954 living in poverty his family lived on bread and potatoes and two of his children died. His son Guido was a sacrifice to bourgeois misery, and a daughter Franziska, for whom Marx’s wife rushed about frantically trying to borrow money for a coffin. .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .postImageUrl , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:hover , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:visited , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:active { border:0!important; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:active , .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053 .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf046264e12a1992344c231e12f803053:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chief Illiniwek Essay(Marx was experiencing life as the lowest class, which conflicted with his experiences of the continent of Europe where he had lived a fairly solid well of life)At the time Engels helped Marx alleviate some of his financial distress. Marx managed to travel back to Europe with Engels and began to get involved in European politics again. During his last years Marx spent much time at health resorts and even traveled to Algiers. He was broken by the death of his wife on Dec. 2, 1881, and of his eldest daughter, Jenny Longuet, on Jan. 11, 1883. He died in London, evidently of a lung abscess, on March 14, 1883. Marx seems to have formed his ideals first from his parents and then as a result of the people he mixed with at University. He believed that after a bloody revolution of the working class against the bourgeoisie the state would take possession of everything like in a socialist state. In time the state would pass all the property and infrastructure on the people. The people according to their needs would take these goods. Marx legacy still remains today; Cuba is still a fundamentally communist country although is not a communist country in the way Marx would have envisaged it. China is still a communist country that is slowly coming out of its isolation, however it still continues it human rights abuses.

Anselm

As a philosopher, Anselm is most often remembered for his attempts to prove the existence of God. Anselm presented the popular Ontological Argument. In this argument Anselm declares that God is that than which no greater can be thought. Anselm feels that that God exists as the source of all perfection. Anselm begins by stating that God is the greatest being we can possibly think of. When Anselm says this, it means that it is not possible to think of a being greater than God is. Anselm also says that if God is the greatest being he is referring to the fact that it would be impossible to imagine someone or something being greater than God is. Thus it would be impractical to say that God only exists in the mind because it is highly greater to exist in reality than it is to only exist in a persons mind. He believes that a perfect God must exist in reality. Otherwise God would not be completely perfect. Anselm feels that existence is perfect. He feels that part of Gods perfection is that he is one. Anselm also says that God has many characteristics that describe him. Among these being: self existing, divine, and eternal. This means that God depends on nothing else for his existence. Thus, his existence is forever. God can not stop existing. Anselm uses Gods definition to argue that God can not be thought not to exist. Not only is his existence a fact, but his non existence is impossible. The non-existence for all other being is possible, but when it comes to the non-existence of God, it is not possible. The argument for Gods existence is very much like the argument that it is impossible for one to believe that God does not exist. Anselms theory states that God is everything to everyone. I find this hard to believe because every individual has a different view of how he or she perceives God. Many different people have many different views o

buy custom Asthma Guideline essay

buy custom Asthma Guideline essay Asthma refers to a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to narrow because of swelling, which leads to shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, use of accessory muscle, and wheezing (Clark, 2011). The walls of the airways become extremely sensitive and, thus, they may react strongly to those substances the victim finds irritating. Inflammations of the airways occur after the allergic reactions. The airways may become narrow to the extent of developing difficulties with breathing, especially at night or early in the morning, because of low temperatures (Levy Weller, 2006). When the feelings become worse than normal, the victims experience an asthma attack, which can lead to death, because the vital organs may fail to function due to insufficient oxygen supply (Clark, 2011). This paper will consider the causes, symptoms, epidemiology and treatment of asthma. Causes of Asthma The cause of asthma is not apparent, but there is evidence that a number of factors may play a part (Clark, 2011). They include genetic factors, environmental factors, dietary changes, lack of exercise, and occupational exposure. However, the causes of asthma vary from an individual to another. Research has shown that many victims of asthma inherit the disorder from their parents. Many asthmatics also possess other allergic conditions like rhinitis, which is the inflammation of the nose lining (Clark, 2011). A number of children in hygienic Western nations tend to develop astha because they lack exposure to bacterial infections that induce the immune system early in life (Levy Weller, 2006). Earlier exposure to bacterial infections may be significant in directing the immune system away from allergic reactions. Such children grow up in well-furnished, carpeted, warm homes that do not allow sufficient ventilation, which accelerates the breeding of house dust mites in carpets, furnishings, and beddings. When children spend most of their time indoors, they may develop dust mite sensitization (Crockett, A. 2003). Other environmental factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, especially in early childhood or during pregnancy (Levy Weller, 2006). Changes in diet, such as a higher salt intake, high proportions of processed foods, lack of fresh oily fish, and lower antioxidant intake may put individuals at a risk of developing asthmatic symptoms (Clark, 2011). Reduced exercises may also lead to asthma because the muscles in the airway walls tend to undergo abnormal contraction due to exposure to minor irritants (Levy Weller, 2006). Many adults develop asthma because of occupational exposure. The irritants in the workplace may include dusts, chemicals, pollens, and moulds, which individuals can encounter in industries such as farming, woodworking, baking, spray painting of cars, and chemical production (Clark, 2011). Symptoms of Asthma The common symptoms that asthmatics develop include shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, use of accessory muscle, andd wheezing (Clark, 2011). These symptoms are usually serious in the early morning and at night, or in response to cold air and exercises. Some asthmatics rarely experience serious symptoms of asthma, whereas others may have pronounced continued airflow obstruction (Levy Weller, 2006). Epidemiology of Asthma Research has shown that in childhood, asthma commonly affects male children younger than five years of age (Clark, 2011). Incidences of asthma among individuals during adulthood do not depend on sex. The preference of asthma appears to differ by socioeconomic status and between certain races. For instance, the prevalence of asthma is greater in African Americans than it is in Caucasians, but this is not significant (Clark, 2011). Individuals living below poverty level tend to experience more asthma as compared to those individuals living above this level (Clark, 2011). Treatment of Asthma The main treatments for asthma include preventers and relievers (Levy Weller, 2006). This is due to the fact that asthma is incurable. These treatments can either be long-term medications or quick-relief. Quick-relief medications are useful in reversing the acute asthma by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle. The long-term medications enable asthmatics to maintain control of persistent symptoms. Asthmatics inhale the medication through the mouth, directly into the lungs (Levy Weller, 2006). Buy custom Asthma Guideline essay

Financial planning for the Smith family Case Study

Financial planning for the Smith family - Case Study Example The author has presented that the Smith family has got a very tricky situation and their financial goals are a bit unrealistic. This is because the family wants to set aside $350 per month for their children’s college education. This from my point of view is quite high because it will amount to$ 4,200 annually. Amber’s goals on the other side are still not realistic. This is because she says she wants them to save $100,000 on their children’s school fees. This is very unrealistic because at the moment, their salary per year cannot even add up to $100,000 per year. The family has not put down in calculation the amount of money that they require for their kids’ education when they get to college. Luke for example, they have no idea how much they will pay for his college education hence they cannot plan for the future goals and how much exactly they require. Amber is thinking of overtime work so that she gets extra money for luxury items. They have made plans for a vacation, a new home theatre system, some new custom furniture and a different car for Joel. They want to apply for a new credit card with a limit of $50,000. The family has got so many plans for the extra money that they have and have forgotten the most basic things like their children’s future education and they want to pump so much money into their luxury life. They want to buy a new car which according to me is not that necessary at the moment simply because the car that they have can be easily repaired and used as they continue to save (Fedorowicz, 1977).. The Smith family has got a mortgage house and their balance on the mortgage is $131,000. They purchased the house 5 years ago by paying a deposit of $200,000. Borrowing $140,000 and used $60,000 that Joel received from his late grandfather. The following information shows the family’s financial information. This will help or act as a guide to preparing a good balance sheet and a financial statement. Elect ricity, water, sanitary services, and garbage pickup $225 Natural gas $125 Mortgage payment $877 Home insurance $150 Home security $55 Groceries $750 Telephone, long distance calls and home Internet $90 Cell phones/Smartphones $140 Car loan payments $520 Car gas, maintenance, and insurance $430 Clothing $200 School programs and dues $150 Children’s programs $850 Restaurants $450 Approximate minimum credit card payment $174 Other Church donations $50 $100 Notes: Expenses for the children’s programs include (per month): ? Karate $120 ? Gymnastics $160 ? Piano lessons $225 ? Guitar lessons $125 ? Hockey $220 RRSP contribution room carry-forward for 2012: ? Amber $95,300 ? Joel $25,200 As long as Landon remains under the age of six, the family will qualify for Universal Child Care Benefit payments of $100 per month, which will increase total income. Family assets and liabilities Cash $850 Chequing account 1,300 Current savings 2,200 Home (market value) 300,000 Mortgage 130 ,924 Home furnishings 5,500 Joel’s car 1,500 Amber’s car 18,000 Car loan 13,500 Credit card balance 5,800 Amber and Smith FAMILY BALANCE SHEET             ASSETS          THE CURRENT ASSETS    Current Assets:    Cash in bank    Current savings 2,200    0    Stock, Mutual Funds 0    Pension Plan 0    Life Insurance - surrender value 0    RESP's 120,500    Other Current Assets 0    TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS $122,700          LONG TERM ASSETS    Business property, real estate    Personal real estate 19,500

Cars Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cars Safety - Essay Example That is because people today are too lazy to even put some energy in braking, and automobile companies are responding to it. The development of brakes from manual to power brakes, and from two-wheeler to four-wheeler brakes makes that obvious. The brake system of a standard car consists of disc brakes as well as drum brakes. Disc brakes comprise of a metal disc that rotates with the wheel, and two brake pads gripped in calipers facing the disc. When the break pedal is pressed, hydraulic fluid forces the pads to rub against the disc, thus stopping the disc from rotation. Drum brakes comprise of a metal cylinder that revolves with the wheel, and two brake shoes. The shoes are curved pieces of metal lined with friction material made of asbestos or some other material that can resist the heat generated by the friction. When the break pedal is pressed, the hydraulic fluid forces the shoes on the drum, and the friction helps the wheel to stop. This complex setup of brakes makes it very easy for the driver to stop the car; thus, any error in this system is a major cause of life-taking accidents. (MacVicar; Wyatt, Vol.2, 570-571, 1990) Another important safety feature in an automobile is airbags. Today, almost every saloon car has at least four airbags provided for the passengers. It saves lives yes, but some people think they are more of a headache. They are those who hit their cars quite often and the airbag pops out even on the slightest bump. It emerges out of the steering wheel or the doors whenever the car is hit hard enough to cause an injury. It was a milestone in car safety when launched properly in 1998, but had some drawbacks that appeared later. The airbag is made of nylon and is filled with nitrogen gas on collision. When the car is hit, crash sensors activate the inflator that fills the bag with nitrogen immediately deploying it. Although they are a lifesaver in major accidents, they have been known to easily injure the passenger. The speed with which it is deployed can be responsible for injury to the passenger's facial features like breakage of the nose or trauma to the eye due to spectacles. This makes the airbag a drawback in situations where it pops out on slight hits. In addition, it can be harmful to children and old people. Thus, the passengers should be seated as far away from the airbag deployment area as possible, and the river should point it towards his chest instead of the head. Moreover, the use of seatbelt is mandatory for the airbag to serve its full purpose. (Brain, 2000) Excellent car suspension is a very important feature for safe driving as it keeps the car in the driver's control. Precisely, it increases the road grip of the car thus maximizing the steering stability as well as comforts the passengers with shock absorbers. The absence of perfectly flat roads makes suspensions necessary to prevent passengers from jumping continuously inside the vehicle, and for stable driving, especially cornering at high speeds. The now vastly available power steering makes it easier to turn the wheels while shock absorbers make a mountain feel like silk. (Harris, 2005) Tires play a vital role in increasing road grip of the car as well as comforting the passengers. Tires with proper grip are mandatory for the car to run smoothly. Loss of grip can be a cause of major accidents. It can easily be

Review of a Pathological Condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Review of a Pathological Condition - Essay Example In this case, the most probable cause for these symptoms could be uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or/and other long standing endocrine disorders therefore co-morbidities, leading to complications or death due to not being treated appropriately. The review of these pathological conditions, are presented by discussing categories of common causes of symptoms and disease progression, most susceptible individuals, utilising diagnostic imaging procedures for treatment and prognosis. Causes of the symptoms Genetics, environmental factors, poor diet, obesity, medications, infections and sedentary lifestyle have been cited by Chapman and Nakielny (2009) and William and Christine (2005) as some of the possible causes of diabetes as indicated in Richard and Neil (2007). Diabetics require strict dietary control to minimise the impact on lifestyle, as observed by Launer (2009) as the body fails to produce or utilise insulin properly. The islets of Langerhans of the pancreas contain four types of c ells, but two cells, alpha cells producing glucagon, which opposes insulin and beta cells responsible for producing insulin (Scobie, 2007). In Type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin with only glucagon present inducing hyperglycemia. With the absence of insulin to absorb glucose in the bloodstream to metabolise complex sugars, glucose levels in the body increases leading to uncontrolled diabetes with hyperglycemia affecting the kidneys. The abnormal structural condition of this individual with a plethora of signs and symptoms, i.e., diabetes, fatigue, an insufficiency fracture of the femoral neck, oliguria and pruritus, all indicating uncontrolled diabetes leading to renal failure attributing to calcium/mineral abnormalities and toxicity in the body. Parathyroid disorders may also exacerbate the condition if this is present or initiated through renal failure. Disease Progression Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristic hyperglycemia associated with defects i n insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (Launer, 2009). Type 1 diabetes is characterized by beta cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes on the other hand presents as a spectrum of metabolic abnormalities with prominent insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency (William and Christine, 2005). The effect of diabetes is not limited to carbohydrate metabolism, but lipid and protein metabolism play an important role in its progression as noted by Launer (2009). Diabetic progression is initiated through numerous metabolic events that occur over a period of years. Repeated hyperglycemic attacks or chronic hyperglycemia, results in damage to other organs such as the kidneys leading to other complications or death. Hyperglycemia affects the kidneys causing diabetic nephropathy and glomerular filtration reduction. This result in the following manifestations: uncontrolled diabetes causing renal failure, resulting in oliguria, pruritus, fa tigue and insufficiency fractures. It is a chain effect. Controlling metabolic events make it possible to slow or stop the progression of the disease. There are three main types of diabetes. The symptoms are similar although there are differences in the way they develop. In Type 1 diabetes, the signs and symptoms are usually very obvious and can develop

Dynamics of Apartheid in South Africa

Dynamics of Apartheid in South Africa It is easy to forget that Apartheid only finished twenty six years ago in 1991 when the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act was passed this subsequently led to the repealing of the laws enforcing racial segregation which included the Group Areas Act. Apartheid is the word given to racial segregation in South Africa; this was specifically a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa (Merriam-Webster, 2011). In this essay I will discuss both the political and economic discrimination that took place while also looking at the subtle but important undertones of religion that also affected Apartheid.ÂÂ   The essay will be split into three sections, with the first section discussing how the laws that were passed during the period of Apartheid were inextricably linked to an attempt to control the non-European in the society of the time in South Africa and to solidify the power of the politi cal in power at the time. The second part of this essay will look at how this control worked economically and if there was anything that the non-Europeans in South Africa could do in an attempt to bypass them. It will also consider whether the control it exercised truly did result in the continuation of power being in the hands of the whites or if it actually ended up accelerating the process that led to the era of Apartheid being overturned and Nelson Mandela being inaugurated into being the first voted in Black president of South Africa as part of the African National Congress. Finally the essay will consider the role that religion had in this era of Apartheid. Whether religion ended up helping the formation of segregation or whether it was unhelpful towards the movement. Religion is always portrayed as a beacon of uniting those from different races and ethnicities around the world. This essay will consider whether this was the case or whether Apartheid made religion lose sight of its purpose and morals and promoted the political philosophy of Apartheid. When considering the laws that came into being during the time of the National Party it is important to consider the history of legislation in South Africa. There were long-standing laws from the time of the British and Afrikaner administrations in South Africa. A good example of this would be the Glen Grey Act of 1894, (Smythe N C, 1995) this was the original legislation of land reclamation to the white population from the native population. The Glen Grey act also created a tax on labour that forced Xhosa men, an ethnic group that is mainly situated around the south and south eastern part of South Africa, into work on farms and other industry. It is important to consider the effect that these laws from colonial times had on the laws that came into effect during the time of Apartheid. With regards to Segregation, there were multiple laws that came into effect but none that had such a great impact as The Population Registration Act, 1950. This required that every person who was a citizen of South Africa be classified and registered into a racial class to divide the population up (Dugard, 2016). All inhabitants in South Africa at the time were divided into categories; these were Black, White and Coloured (mixed) later on in the period Indians were added to the category list, this was for those who originated from South Asia and India. This act was the foundation of everything that became Apartheid, it led to the forbidding for a white and a person of another race to marry and then a year later in 1950 it became a crime for any white person to have sexual intercourse with any person of another race (Robertson and Whitten, 1978). These laws were an attempt to divide the population and with which the administration that was leading the country would be able to demote w ho were not white into lesser positions in society and also to move them through land reclamation. This law was not repealed until June 17th 1991 by The South African Parliament. This was the first act of legislation with Apartheid being foreseen by the government and as mentioned earlier became the foundation of everything that apartheid became. This is a good example of a dynamic that occurred during the time of Apartheid in South Africa Another piece of legislation that came in was in 1953, this was The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act 1953, this was again an initiative with which to exercise more racial segregation in South Africa and solidify the idea of apartheid. This act legalised the segregation of public places vehicles and services. This left only roads that were excluded from this law and meant they became the only area where all races were together.ÂÂ   Within this law there were multiple sections that had minor details in which became incredibly important. One of these was Section 3a; this made it permissible to completely exclude someone from public places, vehicles or services based solely on their race. This preceded section 3b; this bylaw meant that the facilities for the two races did not have to be equal, or anywhere near the same quality. This meant that in reality the best facilities were reserved for whites and those that were outdated or inferior where given to the other races. This le d to total segregation between races and the creation of white-only jobs. This finally ended up with the cementing of the National Partys control over the economic and social systems in the country. This ended up leading to the National Partys plan for the Grand Apartheid a plan to emphasise the territorial separation and the continuation and enlargement of the police repression that had been occurring throughout the period of apartheid. This is an incredibly important part of Apartheid and the effects it had on the population in South Africa. Secondly, with regards to legislation in an attempt to exercise control in 1953 the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act were passed, this led to the empowerment of the government to declare a state of emergency at which there would be increased penalties for those who were considered in contempt of the laws. These penalties included fines, imprisonment and even whippings; there are multiple stories of the government declaring a state of emergency in an attempt to crush any potential uprising that there may have been potential for. One good example of this would be in 1960, a large groups of people classified as black, from an area called Sharepeville refused to carry their identification papers which identified which race class they were part of and also where they were from. The government decided that this was grounds for the declaration of a state of emergency; this emergency lasted for one hundred and fifty six days and involved sixty nine people dying and one hu ndred and eighty seven people wounded. These people died because of the demonstrations against what was perceived to be unfair pass laws, it led to the South African Police opening fire against the demonstrators and killing all these people. This is another example of how the imposing of Apartheid by the government of the day let to terrible and unjust treatment of certain races in South Africa at the time; it also went a long way to suggesting that the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of Apartheid. This again discusses a key dynamic of Apartheid in South Africa During Apartheid one of the ways that control was upheld by the government was through an extremely brutal and well ordered police force that was at the disposal at the government to quieten and extinguish and those who had become disenfranchised with the Apartheid regime. This was a non-white majority in the country that was growing increasingly restless with the regime and this ended up leading to the Sharepville massacre as mentioned above. When there was a State of Emergency ordered in the country the police would then be assisted by the military. The government of the time ordered multiple strategies to stifle any anti-apartheid activists and critics of the white minority government. Some of these tactics included counter-insurgency and intimidation. Over the period from 1960 to 1990 sixty seven people died in police custody or detention either from hanging or torture or what was put down to natural causes although there is strong evidence to suggest that this was in fact not th e actual cause of death in many cases. (Goldberg, n.d.) This is another dynamic of Apartheid and the impacts it had on South Africa Another way in which legislation led to forcible control by the minority white led government was through forcible relocation. This was a policy where over 86% of the country was granted to the white South African population. This meant that the other colour populations were forced to relocate from where they lived or even originally came from. Normally this would be relocation outside the city limits or if they were Black Africans they would be relocated to one of the ten Bantustans, these were communities that were set up specifically for to home major African ethnic groups. These were state-created communities usually put in the least desirable places where there was little to no natural resources industry or any kind of workable farmland. They also regularly had little to no public transport and were given little to no chance to build high quality communities. The government also passed laws saying that these were the only areas where Black political rights were recognised and ac cepted. Outside of these specific areas the Black Africans were unable to vote or even own land. This was regardless of whether their families had been there for or whether there were historical ancestors who had inhabited the area as well. This policy resulted in major relocation and devastating results for this demographic. From 1950 to 1986, there were more than 1.5 million Africans of colour that were forcibly removed from their homes and relocated from the urban centres or major mineral areas and also the most fertile land. These areas were given to the minority whites and the Black population was moved either to Bantustans or to newly formed townships that were springing up all over the country as people were looking for better environments for their families and relations. This is another example of a key dynamic of apartheid and how it had a dramatic effect. Finally, when looking at the dynamic of religion with regards to the time of Apartheid in South Africa there is a lot to consider. When looking at religion with a focus on Christianity it is important to consider that the church attempts to create an image of an all-inclusive and non-judgemental institution. However, the best example of the church and Apartheid would be to look at the Dutch Reformed Church. This is also a good example as during Apartheid Christianity was by far the most popular religion with over 85% of the total population. Apartheid became an incredibly difficult period for the church as it had to deal with segregation and whether there was a need to align itself with the rest of South Africa during the time and have split churches for congregations who were coloured and congregations for those who were white. This created huge tensions and then when the Dutch Reformed Church decided to actively promote racial divisions through endorsing Apartheid it was extremely controversial. The Dutch Reformed church became known as the official religion of the National Party during the Apartheid era. This was put down to Chruch leaders over the 1970s and 1980s, the assumption by church leaders that the congregation were in favour of Apartheid led to them being incredibly committed to Apartheid and even more so than much of their congregations. In the long run this commitment to the cause of Apartheid became increasingly damaging and led to the church becoming an impediment to political reform. This, however, is not to say that all clergy and leaders were for Apartheid, there were some very famous members of the church who openly spoke out against Apartheid. One of these was Reverend Beyers Naude who famously left his white only church and went to be part of a parish that was for all blacks, this created a huge stir within the church and was a huge show of support to the anti-Apartheid movement. This, however, was not the case throughout the church there are many examples of church leaders being anti-Apartheid. One good example of this is senior officials within the Roman Catholic Church in South Africa opposing apartheid. This was not without opposition though and it led to the creation of the South African Catholic Defence League that ended up condemning any type of political involvement by the church and it also ended up opposing many other of the demands from the Catholic Church. This shows that religion was again a key factor in the period of Apartheid and that it contributed both in a negative and positive way. The above then suggests that there were a multitude of dynamics that were in fact integral to the period of Apartheid in South Africa. The above shows that with these the white minority within South Africa at the time was able to exercise control through legislature that ended up confining those in society who were of different races to unfair treatment. This period of Apartheid has led to unimaginable suffering for those who were suppressed during the period of Apartheid and even when the period of Apartheid came to an end the damage done by this period was so severe that South Africa remains racially divided. Even though Apartheid ended over 20 years ago now the recovery from this systematic and brutal racial discrimination has been difficult and continues today. Apartheid means apartness in Afrikaans and this separation led to such irreparable damage that it has warranted the South African Government to create the National Development Plan (NDP) that has had to be aimed at elimina ting poverty and reducing inequality by 2030. One of the main aims of this is to reduce inequality between races in the country. This is because the entrenched racism that was created by Apartheid was not easy to eliminate immediately. I think that the above factors discussed, show why this was so difficult to eliminate. For one demographic to sit on the top if the pile while all others were treated so badly would always result in bitterness and a feeling of the need for revenge. So above shows what the key dynamics of Apartheid were and also the terrible results that that has continued to have on South Africa today. References Apartheid Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2011. Web. 16th May 2017.

The Epic of Gilgamesh :: essays research papers

The Epic of Gilgamesh Questions for Analysis #1-6 1. What was the Mesopotamian view of the afterlife? 2. What is the message of Siduri’s advice to Gilgamesh? 3. Consider Utnapishtim’s initial response to Gilgamesh’s request for the secret of eternal life. How does his message complement what Siduri has said? 4. Consider the story of Utnapishtim. What do the various actions of the gods and goddesses allow us to infer about how the Mesopotamians viewed their deities? 5. According to the epic, what are the respective roles of the gods and humans? What do the Mesopotamian deities require of humanity? What do humans expect of their gods? 6. What wisdom has Gilgamesh gained from his epic struggles? How has he changed as result of his quest? 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Mesopotamians viewed the afterlife as a place of darkness where there was no return when entered. It was ruled by the Queen of the Underworld, Ereshkigal, who was accompanied by her recorder, Belit-Sheri. From reading the poem, it was thought of as a baron place where the dead wandered and little else existed. Those who were kings and high priests were now servants for the gods. It’s definitely portrayed as a place one wouldn’t look forward to, and that’s the dilemma that Gilgamesh contemplates. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Siduri’s message to Gilgamesh is to enjoy the life he was given and the life he retained. His days on Earth should be spent eating, being merry, and take care of his child. Essentially, the main idea is that at some point the life of man comes to end and it’s in god’s hands. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Utnapishtim complements Siduri’s message by giving analogies in regards to the fact that death is unexpected. Nothing is permanent or certain except death. You could build a house that’s believed to stand forever, but is it really true? Does an agreement hold for all time? These are the examples Utnapishtim gives. While death is certain, the time it occurs is not known by man. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About religion in general, whenever man defies god, his existence, or his actions, it’s considered to be an act of defiance and they are to face punishment. With this in my mind, we can infer that at a time where man was expanding in Mesopotamia, the belief in the gods and goddesses was declining. Thus, the punishment from the infuriated gods was to eliminate them all. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mesopotamian deities required humanity to worship and praise them. Basically, they were to be their servants.

Corporate Tax Act Essay

The resolution stipulated that any overpayment of salary disallowed as a deduction by the IRS would be repaid to the Osprey Corporation. In late 2010 during an audit by the IRS, $200,000 of Patrick’s compensation, and $150,000 of Dan’s compensation were recharacterized as constructive dividends. This was done because the salaries were found to be excessive. Reg  §1. 162-8 states excessive compensation will be disallowed to the corporation and treated as a constructive dividend to the shareholder. Because the agreement to the resolution was in place prior to their salary payments, the repayments were legally enforceable under state law. As stated by Hoffman, Raabe, Smith and Maloney â€Å"the constructive dividend serves as a substitute for actual distributions and is usually intended to accomplish some tax objective not available through the use of direct dividends. Alternatively the shareholders may be seeking benefits for themselves while avoiding the recognition of income†(2012, 5-16). Because the resolution did contain a repayment provision it should reduce the effect of the constructive dividends on Dan and Patrick. b. Issues A corporation cannot take a deduction from the constructive dividend, and the shareholder must report the amount of the constructive dividend on their tax return. The IRS will recharacterize an item that has been deducted on the corporate tax return to a non-deductible dividend. Constructive dividends are double taxed, first on the corporate level and again at the shareholder level. This characterization results in the IRS denial of the deduction on he corporate level. To determine how the repayment by Dan and Patrick should be treated for tax purposes we must determine whether the repayment can, or should be treated as a deduction or as a credit. c. Discussion In  §162, it states compensation is deductible only to the extent that it is reasonable and is in fact payment purely for services. In a case similar to Dan and Patrick’s sit uation involving excessive compensation, Vincent E. Oswald v. Commissioner, 49 T. C. 645 (1968), the court found the repayments to be a deductible expense. In this case the question was whether, â€Å"under section 162 of the Code, the officers are entitled to a business expense deduction for the calendar year 1968 for the salaries repaid by them to the corporation† (Vincent E. Oswald. 49 T. C. 645 (1968)). The Section 1. 162-1 of the Income Tax Regulations â€Å"provides, in part, that ordinary and necessary expenditures directly connected with or pertaining to the taxpayer’s trade or business are deductible from gross income as business expenses† (Rev. Rul. 69-115, 1969-1 CB 50 — IRC Sec(s). 162). According to the case, the court found that a deduction for ordinary and necessary business expenses would be allowed. If Dan and Patrick sought a credit for the repayment of the taxes, the relief provision contained in IRC section 1341 suggest that a taxpayer may reduce its current years tax by the amount of the extra taxes paid by having to include the income in a previous year. The requirement that a taxpayer be entitled to this deduction has two subsets. One, there must be a deduction as the result of the restoration of income, and two, the deduction must occur under a code section other than section 1341. In a federal case Van Cleave v.

How Has Texting Affected Teenagers

How has texting affected teen literacy? This is one question asked by many, and not always answered. After doing much research, I have come up with an answer to this question. There are pros as well as cons to texting when it comes to teens. The pros of texting are that texting allows teens to communicate with each other more often. Another pro is that they have the capability to call a parent when in a situation where alcohol or drugs are involved. While texting can have some pros, it also comes with it's own set of cons.One con is that texting is leading to anxiety, stress, distraction in school, and sleep deprivation. All of this added together can cause teens to have falling grades in school. Another, con is that texting can distract teens while they are driving. Texting and driving has become one of the most common causes of car accidents. One common thing you can see in schools is texting in class. One other thing you will see is cheating during tests. Some schools have banned cellphones during tests but this has not helped at all.These rules only affect the teens that are willing to break rules. The amount of teens who own a cell phone in the world is enormous. In 2011, 77% of the teenage population owned a cell phone, which is very similar to the 75% presented in 2009. Due to the unlimited texting plans presented by various mobile carriers texting has increased substantially in popularity. According to the Nielson Company, American Teenagers sent and received and average of 2,272 text messages per month in the fourth quarter of 2008.This totals to about 80 messages a day. In 2010, this amount of 2,272 text messages in the fourth quarter of 2008, grew to an amount of 6. 1 trillion text messages in 2010. This goes to show how much texting has grown in popularity and is a growing issue that effects teens everywhere. As texting becomes more popular, more and more teens begin to have falling grades in school and also putting themselves in danger while drivin g.If parents started to be more watchful of how much their children text, they could help them keep control of their texting. Works Cited Baker,Lisa. â€Å"Cell Phones and Their Positive Effects on Youth† eHow 15. April. 2012 Starovoit,Veronica. â€Å"How Does Text Messaging Affect the Ability to Write & Speak in English? † eHow 16. April. 2012 Lenhart,Amanda. â€Å"Overall cell ownership steady since 2009† PewInternet 19. Mar. 2012 Hafner,Katie. â€Å"Texting May Be Taking a Toll on Teenagers† The New York Times 25. May. 2009

Impact of Ethics upon Decison making essays

Impact of Ethics upon Decison making essays The Impact of Ethics Upon Decision-Making Decision making is the process of identifying problems and opportunities and choosing from alternative courses of action for dealing successfully with them. However, not all decision making follows a routine process. Complex problems invariably expose individuals in organizations to conflicting ethical and moral issues tough choices which pit one right against another (Kidder). What is right? What is wrong? What is right-versus-right? These questions must be answered before the majority of decisions are finalized. Asking the right questions can be rewarding, and effective. Also, asking the right questions can result in a more efficient decision making process (Browne, et al., 9). Effective decision makers must assess the impact of ethics upon the process of decision making by defining ethics and examining the elements of an ethically defensible decision. Only then will equanimity be reasonably maintained. Ethics, by definition, is a philosophical discipline, applicable to individuals or groups, that balance what is good and bad with principles of conduct governing moral duty and obligation (Hurley). Ethical principles do not necessarily isolate a singular moral code of action, but provide a framework for analyzing and weighing competing options (Making Sense). Historically, from a philosophical perspective, there are four basic ways of thinking about ethical behavior: the utilitarian view, the individualism view, the moral rights view and the justice view. Each approach attempts to explain how ethical behavior relates to the mandates of law but also to a broader moral code that is common to society as a whole (Schermerhorn, et al., 14). First the utilitarian view of ethics considers behavior which delivers the greatest good to the greatest numbers of people. Utilitarian decisions are morally weighed in relati...

Modelling and Simulation of engineering systems Essay

Modelling and Simulation of engineering systems - Essay Example The main advantage of SIMULINK over other programming softwares is that, instead of compilation of program code, the simulation model is built up systematically by means of basic function blocks. Through a convenient graphical user interface (GUI), the function blocks can be created, linked and edited easily using menu commands, the keyboard and an appropriate pointing device (such as the mouse). A set of machine differential equations can thus be modelled by interconnection of appropriate function blocks, each of which performing a specific mathematical operation. Programming efforts are drastically reduced and the debugging of errors is easy. Since SIMULINK is a model operation programmer, the simulation model can be easily developed by addition of new sub-models to cater for various control functions. As a sub-model the induction motor could be incorporated in a complete electric motor drive system (Wade 495-505; Shi 231-235). A generalized dynamic model of the induction motor consists of an electrical sub-model to implement the three-phase to two-axis transformation of stator voltage and current calculation, a torque sub-model to calculate the developed electromagnetic torque, and a mechanical sub-model to yield the rotor speed. In addition, a stator current output sub-model is needed for calculating the voltage drop across the supply cables. Multiple line equation(s) cannot be represented in ASCII text... ASCII text where Vas, Vbs, and Vcs are the three-phase stator voltages, while Vds and Vqs are the two-axis components of the stator voltage vector Vs. Torque sub-model of induction motor In the two-axis stator reference frame, the electromagnetic T is given by:T = PLm/3(idriqs - iqrids) Mechanical sub-model of induction motor From the torque balance equations and neglecting viscous friction, the rotor speed omega0 may be obtained as follows: Multiple line equation(s) cannot be represented in ASCII text where J is the moment of inertia of the rotor and load and TL is the load torque. Stator current output sub-model The stator current output sub-model is used to calculate the stator current amplitude according to the following equation:|is| = 2/3 square root of (ie, sub ds)2 + (ie, sub qs)2 A SIMULINK Fcn' block is used to implement the above equation. Simulation System Of Induction Motor The complete simulation system of the induction motor includes the induction motor model in a power supply sub-model. Power supply sub-model The voltage supply block consists of a three-phase sinusoidal voltage generator and a terminal-voltage calculation block which accounts for the voltage drop in the supply cable. Simulation Results The induction motor chosen for the simulation studies has the following parameters: Type: three-phase, 7.5 kW, 6-pole, wye-connected, squirrel-cage induction motorRs = 0.288 OMEGA/ph Rr = 0.158 OMEGA/ph Ls = 0.0425 OMEGA/ph Lm = 0.0412 OMEGA/ph Lr = 0.0418 OMEGA/ph J = 0.4 kg m2 JL = 0.4 kg m2 To illustrate the transient operation of the induction motor, a simulation study of direct-on-line starting is demonstrated. At t = 0, the motor, previously

Treatment of disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Treatment of disorders - Essay Example The obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has numerous psychopharmacological and psychological treatments, this include medications, such as antidepressants which have direct effect on the patients mind and this can also have few side effects, which however are bearable. The cognitive behavioral theory has proved to be the most useful source of treating such disorders, this include actions like identifying the main factors causing disorder and than trying to separate them from the patients thinking using various techniques, "support groups" is another technique used to eliminate the disorder, here the patient shares his/her experiences with the other of the same category or with people who have already experienced OCD, this brings in a lot of knowledge about the undergoing conditions in the patient's mind. The autistic disorders that are found right from the childhood, people having such disorders have relatively less chances of being cured from the disorders. The treatment include special educational program, designed to improve the patient's speaking, interacting and reacting skills, else social skills training and individual therapies are also encouraged. One interesting fact about autistic disorders is that it requires treatment on the basis patient's age, the symptoms, the extent of disorder, patient's tolerance for the medications etc. The intensive behavior therapy in the early age of patient or child and actions of parents are in great relation to better improvement in the conditions of the patient or child. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Generally found in children, ADHD has certain steps that are necessary for ensuring the treatment's success, it consist of an overall analysis on child's strengths and weaknesses, behavior therapy is again very much encouraged to treat children with ADHD, a health guide from Webmd says the following: Your child's health professional may recommend that your child take a stimulant medication, such as amphetamine (examples include Dexedrine or Adderall) or methylphenidate (examples include Ritalin, Concerta, or Metadate CD). These medications improve symptoms in about 70% of children who have the condition. However parents are a lot more concerned about their children, and it often makes them worried about the loss of appetite of their children, sleeping problems in children and related issues, research has shown that nothing such teribles happens if the medication is properly taken. post traumatic stress post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is having a common background, it appears in chidren due to sudden shocks, it can be treated but it has no different treatments than most of the other disorders, it includes psychodynamic psychotherapy in which more concern is on the past accidents and how they are linked with present experiences, Exposure theapy is another treatment which is related to the reactions of the pateint and his/her

To what extent have the fair-trade initiatives increased standard of Research Paper

To what extent have the fair-trade initiatives increased standard of living in West Africa - Research Paper Example The paper tells that since the end of World War II, the industrialized countries of the world have been befitting from consistently increasing world trade patterns. International trade fuels both national economies and the international economy, determining the wellbeing of individual States, and directly affecting the standard of living of the population of every country in the world. In West Africa, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the overarching economic and political structure, within which unrestricted trade is meant to take place. This structure was set up to promote â€Å"cooperation and integration† leading to an economic union in West Africa â€Å"in order to raise the living standards of its peoples†. A Pan-Africanist slant is also evident in that the intention to promote progress and development on the whole continent is explicitly stated. Thus a common market was an original intention; regional economic reform would have to take pla ce; integration particularly in food, agriculture and natural resources was seen as vital; and the establishment of a common market through liberalization of trade among West African States was envisioned. An important aspect of the ECOWAS initiative is also to ensure a â€Å"common external tariff† and trade policy with regard to third countries. Additionally, a stated intention in the ECOWAS revised treaty is to promote â€Å"balanced development† and a focus on the â€Å"special problems of each Member State particularly those of land-locked and small island Member States†.... This has not happened. The elites – both within countries and within the region continue to be advantaged, while the poor continue to grow in number, and in levels of poverty. Analysis surrounding the economies of West Africa, their political stances, and their trade policies, as well as the world economy, and West Africa’s part in it will be examined in this paper. The information from the analyses is organized in the Findings Section, to show the realities of the situation in West African countries and their economic relationships with particularly the Western, developed world. In the Comments and Recommendations Section of this essay, it is proposed that the exploitative relationship which has existed between African developing or underdeveloped countries (and other developing countries) since slavery and colonialism has not been redressed. Instead, initiatives such as Free Trade agreementsNote that this has been introduced earlier, extensively within associations su ch as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have no chance of success because of the nature of the trade balance which continues to exist between developing countries and the developed world. All that is maintained is the advantage of the Western power blocs over the developing world, in the guise of aiming to stimulate and improve conditions in these countries. The essay concludes with a summary comment on the nature of the economic, political and power relationships between the countries of West Africa, as well as ECOWAS and the world. Analysis There tends to be a bias toward the economic principles, values and norms of the West in much writing about the economics of West Africa

Educating Rita Essay Example for Free

Educating Rita Essay Willy Russell was born just outside Liverpool, but at the age of 5, moved to Knowsley. Academically he was a failure at school, but it was during English silent reading lessons that he realized he wanted to be a writer. He left school with an English O level as his only qualification to work for six years as a hairdresser. The plays he has written include: Our Day Out, Educating Rita, Blood Brothers. Blood Brothers was a musical written in the 1980s about twin brothers who are separated at birth, but in later years become friends. They are friends throughout their childhood and always look out for each other. The play starts at the end, then goes back and tells the events that lead to the situations. Class was a major issue covered in the play the Lyons family was upper class and the Johnson family was lower class. If this class system wasnt in the play then the meeting of Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Lyons would not have happened, Mrs. Lyons employed Mrs. Johnson to clean her house so if the two different classes werent addressed in the play then Edward would have stayed with Mrs. Johnson, so this issue was also a theme that had a useful part in the play. The play is also built upon the theme of the superstition that if twins are separated at birth then they will die on the day that they discover that they are twins. This theme is reinforced throughout the play by the words of the narrator to keep the audience thinking about what will happen. The first time we see the theme of superstition is when the narrator first begins to speak and he says, So did you hear the story of the Johnston twins? How one was kept and one Given away Never knowing that they shared one name till the day they died At the end of the play the narrators last few lines are do we blame superstition for what came to pass or could it be what we, the English come to know as class. I think this is a very true statement that the class system is what killed them. Also the themes of love and friendship were in the play, this was between Eddy and Mickey who where blood brothers and Linda was in love with Mickey. The narrators songs had verses in most of the songs that stuck in my head, these were the lines to do with superstition like shoes on the table and the devils got your number. Act 2, Scene 2 shows the first meeting between the two boys. This is where Willy Russell explores class difference. He does this by contrasting the backgrounds that the boys were brought up in. Mickey, the twin that was kept, was brought up in a working class background with little money and uses slang terms and vulgar language, Im pissed off. Whereas Edward was brought up in a family that had a car, a nice house and plenty of money. This meant that he would have a better education and therefore have better opportunities in life. He also speaks very well and posh. Eddie is absolutely fascinated by the way that Mickey speaks as the people he is around dont usually speak like that, You say smashing things dont you? . My initial opinion of Eddie is hat he is friendly and confident, Are you going to come and play there again? , because he just goes over and starts talking to Mickey. Mickeys initial reaction is that he is suspicious of why Eddie started talking to him. Another time that Mickey is suspicious is when Eddie offers him some sweets. His reaction is one of shock, Are you soft? . I think he reacts like this because the people he grew up with had little as are poor and cant share what they do have. He also worries that people may have tampered with it, if Sammy gives you a sweet hes usually weed on it first. Ironically this is the scene where the two boys make a pact to become Blood Brothers. In Act 4, Scene 2 the difference in class becomes more apparent. Eddie returns at Christmas from university while Mickey is struggling to provide a living for his family. The brotherly bond between them seems to have disappeared.

Analyze The Haagen Dazs Marketing Essay

Analyze The Haagen Dazs Marketing Essay Through this assignment we are going to analyze the Haagen Dazs ® brand and the strategy that theyre adapting, in order to achieve and maintain the luxury image of this product. The interesting thing with this brand is that it belongs in one of the most valuable brands, despite the fact that it belongs in a very difficult industry for luxury brands, as the ice cream industry which is considered as a low cost industry. But Haagen Dazs, by continuing its excellent job in quality and launching of new unique flavors, is still enjoying its premium brand position as well as high price and profit margins. This story will prove us how a brand in a low price selling industry and specific target group directions can differentiate its position and build a luxury brand icon and targeting in customers that are willing to pay premium price in order to taste the world best flavors. We will also notice that too much advertising in TV, Radio is not the key marketing issue, since Haagen Dazs has bee n mainly developed as a luxury ice cream due to the world of mouth advertising. It is impressive that this brand has made its first advertising TV campaign in 1983, after almost 60 years and having already being famous for its luxurious positioning and well known as the creator of the luxury ice-cream category. Haagen Dazs started its history in early 1920s, thanks to the dream of the young Reuben Mattus. Mr. Mattus was working in a family business, transferring with his bicycle ice creams to their customers in the streets of Bronx in New York. This small family business was developing business in the same local way until 1960. It was then that Mr. Mattus took the big decision, supported also from his wife, to change the function of the business and targeting in further development of their products. He set up the brand name Haagen Dazs and the company begun with three basic flavors, focusing always in premium quality production. This was the reason that the ingredients were only coming from their country of physical production. Dark chocolate from Belgium, vanilla beans from Madagascar, macadamia nuts from Hawaii. In contrast with other ice cream producers, Haagen Dazs is using a high percentage of milk and cream, to create an original and more dense ice cream. Fresh cream and egg yolk wer e used to give the ice creams a rich creamy flavor and fresh skimmed milk was used for the body and texture of the ice cream http://www.icmrindia.org, (viewed 21 March 2011) . Having reached the premium quality the product became famous very quickly, and the demand started growing due to the mouth advertising only. In the start, Haagen dazs ice creams were only placed in luxury shops in New York and after were further distributed in the southern coasts of United States. By 1973, the brand was further distributed in the entire cities of United States. The first Haagen Dazs shop has been opened in 1976, by Mr. Mattus daughter, Doris. This strategic move was resulted of a huge success and as a result Haagen dazs products were spread in all United States. In 1983 Haagen Dazs brand was sold in Pillsbury Company and then in General Mills group, since Pillsbury was acquired from General Mills in 2001. Pillsbury was truly committed to the dream of Mr. Mattus and the ice cream remained in the same quality level with a large variety of unique flavors, spreading the variety in more than 100 flavors, including ice cream, ice cream bars, ice cream cakes, frozen yogurts, sorbets. General Mills group is operating in a global level and has reported in 2009 $14,7 billion turnovers and net profits of $2,6 billion. (According to General Mills annual report, 2009). Untitled.png 2. Brand Analysis 2.1. Positioning Haagen Dazs is positioned, mainly based on its products and service differentiation. As we have referred, they are trying always to maintain the quality due to the special selected ingredients coming only from their physical country of origin. In addition the high cream density, with no excess air is offering truly unique ice cream experience. In order the quality to be ensured, the company is strictly testing daily not only the suppliers, but also all the phases of manufacturing processes. The company fulfills its brand image with a big variety produced only by the best ingredients around the world. Its position is also based on their image differentiation following always a luxury brand strategy. There is a specific logo with golden colors and black fonts in order to pass the luxurious icon. The logo is also accompanied with the moto made like no other ®. All the advertisements are focusing in highlighting the luxury flavors of the products and the unique exotic tastes. 2.2. Target Group Haagen Dazs has differentiated its target group from the start of its growth. While the ice-cream industry was considered worldwide as a low price industry and mostly targeting in small ages, haagen dazs has from the start been focus on adults, who love the luxurious ice cream flavors. An important reason for taking this choice, has been their premium price strategy, since only the financially independent adults could spend more money for high quality ice creams. The second target market, are the health conscious adults, who are interested in desserts but they prefer natural ingredients and low fat substitutes. Focusing only on these two target segments, they might have a small market potential, but the profit margins are much higher. With this differentiation Haagen dazs is playing alone in this interesting market field. 2.3. Segmentation Haagen Dazs is segmenting in its business according to three major segments. These segments are, demographic, socio-cultural and psychographic. Looking on demographics, the company focuses on adults who have higher income and could spend in luxuries as for example premium price ice-creams. But beside of the age, they often tend to approach couples, by relating many flavors with romance advertising and pleasure that can be earned when a couple tastes a haagen dazs dessert. The second one is the socio-cultural segmentation. Intercultural management has been very successful by the haagen dazs marketers. Big variety of flavors can cover any need according to each countrys habits. For example, Europeans have some preferences in alcohol drinking, while Asian people have preferences in teas. Islamic countries are negative in romance images, while western populations are more enthusiastic on that. The third segment is according to psychographic characteristics. There are many people who love luxurious brands and need of being members of this brand category. Usually they feel more special, different and in higher quality level than the others. These category of people are too emotionally linked to brands and since branding is mainly emotional based, this target segment is very important for Haagen Dazs. Thus, in the haagen dazs shops the company tries to train the franchisers to focus on a high quality service, behavior and keeping the products within a way that they can be always fresh and delicious. 3. SWOT Analysis Strengths Well known brand synonymous with a history of luxury, premium ice cream leader producer. Strong market position. Intelligent market targeting and segmentation. Weaknesses High distribution cost. Bad image of many franchise shops, non related with the brand image. Opportunities Ice cream market is growing. Outside lunching is increasing. Development of other markets, BRIC markets. New trend in creams placement, i.e. cinemas, ho.re.ca. Threats Ben Jerrys competition. Nestle integration in the premium price ice cream market. Increase of ingredients price, oil price, distribution cost. 4. Marketing Mix Product As we have referred the production of the product is based on high quality ingredients and rich creamy taste. The packaging is also important, having a specific protective cap to assure the material in each pot. The products are categorized by size, in individual cups, family caps, bars, sundae cones, and high weight packages for mass sales. (5kg, 10kg, etc). Very special flavors are often produced in limited quantities and higher prices, reminding the luxury brand strategy. Place Haagen dazs is directly distributed with refrigerated vehicles to the customers. Customers might be super markets, high class shops, high class restaurants, hotels, food industry chains, i.e., pizza hut, simply burgers, movie places, i.e. cinemas, movie selling shops, other known chains, i.e. IKEA, cruise boats and finally to the haagen dazs franchise shops. Price The brand is characterized of a premium price, which is excused due to the ingredients and the high taste quality. Price varies among the several flavors. Haagen dazs is still the price leader and the competition as for example Ben Jerrys, follows H. Dazs strategy. Promotion The product is not so much advertised in mass media as are TV, radio. It is mainly advertised in printed themes. All advertisements targeting in express the product quality and the differentiation against competition. Trade marketing is more developed than other means, sponsorships and events are also usual methods. Advertising is mainly focus in haagen dazs credentials. 5. Evaluation of H.D. brand Strategy -Recommendations Haagen Dazs is a very well established brand in the ice cream industry and has been successfully placed in many countries worldwide. Focusing on the adults has been a brilliant idea, because of income advantages, high tighten-emotional relationships with brand lifestyle. This generation is much more recognizing and desire high quality, in comparison with the youngest one, who looks more as turn around consumers. The company should continue targeting on the adults, but they must not forget that the younger generation is also growing. It might be a good period in start searching their mind and introducing the brand value to this generation as well. Romance flavors might not be so successful, because they are mainly addressed to younger ages. So, H.D. should also start target the younger couples, but with the appropriate advertising messages through different civilizations, ethics and moralities. For example, if you want to address in younger couples, advertising should have more sexy and funny images, but you have to pay attention in the different moralities. Nevertheless, if the company will develop such campaign, they should take in consideration that it has to be does with a much more spread advertizing messages depending on the country. The company is correct based on the original ingredients and this fact has given them the premium quality awareness worldwide. But taking in consideration that the population is growing rapidly, the brand might be prisoner in its own choices. The demand might not be able to be covered from the existing ingredient quantities, since they are reduced a lot every day. Reducing might also create price increases and then the brand could face many difficulties in remaining in the market. It might be the ideal time to rethink again their production recipes, or invest in ingredients production worldwide, which will offer them a competitive advantage. Resources and capabilities must be planned in a better way in order to face the future with more power. In order to develop internationally, they have to focus more in the exclusive haagen dazs shops, who are expressing the brand icon in the several markets. H.D. looks weaker in this development in international field and competition in many places is more powerful. They can train their franchisers, or establish Franchise supervisor managers and trainers. Personal relationship and selling must also be more developed in this sector of exclusive shops. The development of the Brand internationally and premium price strategy has been enough successful, but in many countries as China, the brand is luxury, but so luxury that is placed only in too much luxury places. After a research in the web, I found a very characteristic statement of Mr. Eddie Lu, marketing manager of H.D. in Shanghai, which signifies this problem: In Beijing, freezers selling Haagen Dazs stand proudly in the lobbies of five star hotels. The price for a pint of Swiss vanilla: $10, compared to $3 in the U.S. However people dont mind paying for prestige items, especially if they are foreign. This issue has to be serious taken under consideration, since Middle East and the BRIC countries are the most potential markets and you cannot leave them outside of your growth strategies. After my research for this assignment, I have realized that H.D. has a very small market share in many countries of Middle East. They have for example to invest more in finding flavors more suitable to these populations. 6. Conclusion Ice cream is a very dynamic industry, which is growing every day. Haagen Dazs is at the moment the global leader in this field, but no one is certain that they can be always in this position. Time passes, lifestyle changes, leading markets are changing and this fact means that marketers of Haagen Dazs should work a lot in adjust their strategy in the new challenges that are in front of us. The brand is dominating the ice cream market for many years, but external and internal factors should be reconsidered in order to face future with success. The marketing mix of haagen dazs is really impressive and offered to the brand, the luxury image and brand equity for years. By continue being committed in their ingredients strategy, correcting things that we referred as logistics, production, resources, growth gaps, attention to intercultural ethics-morals, norms, franchising strategy improvement, Haagen Dazs can definitely continue being a golden brand and situated always ahead of competition as they have been doing for many years in the past.

View Advertising Tracking Devices with Caution Essay -- Business Priva

In today’s society, one can see that tracking a person has become much easier with the technology advances that have been developed. When most people think of tracking devices they primarily think of negative issues, but that has all changed now. A tracking device the size of a tic tack that can be surgically implanted to provide a tamper proof means of identification, enhanced e-business security, locating lost or missing individuals, monitoring heart rate, vital signs, tracking of the elderly, the location of valuable property, and monitoring the medical conditions of at risk patients. With advertisement companies, tracking device software is used to allow the customers information on the status of package, delivery address, and the person that signed for the package. However, advertisers could use that private information to their advantage and try to sell that person more frivolous objects or pass that information to another advertisement company. Tracking devices can be m arketed toward other companies that advertise luxury cars or other industrial goods, but when those companies buy that product, they will be put in a purchasing list and the company that sold that product will keep track of that particular company and try to sell more goods. Cookies are used by internet shopping sites to keep track of what is being purchased by that person who is on that site, but used as a device for tracking browsing and buying habits of individual web users. Through the analytical view of cause and effect of internet cookies and tracking devices, one can understand the good qualities, but dangerous misuses of having a tracking chip in the advertising world. Despite the flaws of a tracking device, there are many reasons why advertisers are ... ...the controversies are. Basically, the issue involving tracking devices may lead to a person using one for security or interrogative purposes or use one for their own perverted or invasive pleasure. In conclusion, one should not take tracking devices lightly. Works Cited Lewen, Todd. â€Å"Chips: High Tech Aids or Tracking Tools?† www.usatoday.com. September 3, 2008 Newlyn, Korbin. â€Å"GPS Tracking Devices- Teens vs. Parents, Law Enforcement vs. Invasion of Privacy.† www.buzzle.com. September 15, 2008 â€Å"New Campaigns.† B to B 86. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008 Bowes, Elena. â€Å"Rita: A Highly Competent Secretary, Helps Deliver Fiscal Health to UPS.† Advertising Age International (December 1999). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008. â€Å"Internet Cookies.† www.ciac.org. October 1, 2008

Julian Assange: Hero or Terrorist

Attention Getter: George Orwell once said,† Political Language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind. † 2. Bond: Link to Audience: It’s easy to take our 1st amendment rights for granted but imagine if we didn’t have them anymore. Can you imagine living in an America where it’s considered treason to say what you think and to tell the world what you know? Well, that is what the current battle between our government and Julian Assange is about. . †Credentials† of speaker: I have been following the developing story of Julian Assange for the last 3 years. So, it’s fair to say that I know a little bit about him. 4. Thesis: My research leads me to believe that Julian Assange should be afforded the same rights as every other journalist. 5. Speech Preview: First, I’m going to talk about the global smear campaign against Julian Assange. After that, I’m going to talk about the violations that the U. S. is posing to his human rights.Finally, I am going to talk about what America is going to look like if we don’t have our rights anymore. 6. Transition: But let’s start with the smears that have been dealt to Julian Assange. II. Body 1. Main Point #1: a. State Point 1: A global smear campaign is going on right this moment against Julian Assange. b. Argument: Some are saying that he is a woman raping terrorist. c. Proof: In an article by BBC News, Julian Assange said he believes that currently there is a global smear campaign to make him look disreputable and crazy.I read in an eBook called, Assange Agonistes that Nick Davies, a journalist for the New York Times, said that America’s preferred method of control is through Media management. He also said that the American government is,† the biggest media manipulation machine in the history of mankind. † I think that this is absolutely true because this isn ’t the first time the U. S. government has used smear tactics against someone who stood up against them. I discovered 2 other incidents where our government and a major bank had smeared someone’s name through the use of exual misconduct charges; the first being Scott Ritter. I watched a video on YouTube by The Young Turks, where they were discussing the allegations that were brought up against Julian Assange. In the video they were talking about how Scott Ritter, a decorated war veteran, who spoke out against the war in Iraq and said that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Soon after Ritter made that statement, alleged sex charges were brought up against him to make him look like a dirty old rapist who would do anything to make our government look bad.The second case I also discovered was about Elliot Spitzer, who accused the banks of insider trading. Suddenly the North Fork Bank reported to the IRS that Spitzer was using funds to pay for a hooker and s ex charges were brought up against him. Due to the media scandal he resigned from his position as Governor of New York because it painted a negative reflection on our government. d. Give an Example: In an article that I read on Wired. com it talks about a woman that has accused Julian Assange of raping her. In the article it describes the process by which this woman describes her â€Å"incident† with Assange.Ms. Anna Ardin said that he pinned her down to the bed when she reached for a condom, but then he consented and put a condom on. According to Ms. Ardin she feels she was raped because the condom broke at some point in time during the act. While I was investigating I found out that she had posted to her blog the â€Å"7 steps to get legal revenge. † I personally don’t find her story very credible after reading a translation of her blog. Ms. Ardin is known in Sweden for her feministic views  on how men achieve social dominance through sex.The government was anxious to pounce on her accusations of rape even though she is a known feminist with a history of reporting baseless rape. I do not find this a coincidence that a few days before the rape accusation Mr. Assange had released an embarrassing video of US soldiers gunning down no less than a dozen unarmed civilians in Iraq, while they were talking about it like it was a game of Call of Duty. Julian believes it was not a coincidence that after he embarrassed the U. S. by leaking this video, he was then accused of a crime that would have him extradited back to Sweden and then to the U. S. for further punishment.This was before they discovered there was nothing that the US government could charge him with and it was a violation of his human rights to send him to Sweden where he hadn’t been charged for the alleged crime. To date Julian has never been charged with the rape of this woman and has been confined to house arrest for more than 500 days without any charge against him. e. Re state the point: There is a global smear campaign set against Julian Assange because he is the face of WikiLeaks. g. Transition Sentence: Next, let’s talk about the violation to his rights. 2. Main Point #2: Solutions to those problems . State Point 2: The U. S. government is violating Julian Assange’s human rights.b. Argument: In an article by The Atlantic quoted Hillary Clinton saying that Julian Assange was attacking their international community. c. Refutation: Julian Assange is a journalist and is protected by the U. N. ’s Declaration of Human Rights under article 19. Under article 19 it says: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. . Give an Example: In 1968 when we were in the thick of the Vietnam War there was a man named Daniel Ellsberg that was courageous and released classified Pentagon documents to the New York Times. On History. com and from my uncle, who was a journalist in the Vietnam War, I learned that that the war ended earlier as a result of a public outcry, where 75% of the American population protested the war. Daniel Ellsberg also helped end the war by releasing classified documents that exposed the lies that made us go to war in the first place which forced President Reagan to withdraw from Vietnam.If we stand together and say that we need to stop unjustly blaming Julian Assange for promoting a more transparent government and take a look at what it is that we are unknowingly promoting. Julian Assange believes that we have the right to know about the lies and secret dealings going on by our government. It is our right to know what they are saying and doing behind closed doors. Yes, there are instances where our government needs to have secrets, but that doesn’t mean that they can to lie to us about the general majority of secr et dealings that are going on.If Julian Assange is attacking our International Community then maybe it needs to be attacked because what is going on right now and all the lies that we are being told need to be known. We need to see just what is going on. We need to know why the rest of the world hates us so much. e. Restate the Point: Julian Assange’s human rights are being violated and we need to do something about it. 3. Main Point #3: Visualization a. State Point 3: Imagine an America where it becomes treason to say what you think and to tell others about it. b.Argument: Our government would say that there is a need to be censored in order to keep us safe. c. Refutation: Our 1st Amendment rights are going to disappear if we don’t halt this violation right now. Pretty soon we’re going to be trapped in a world where we don’t have our most basic of rights. Imagine a world populated with militarized police and being under lock down in an authoritarian dict atorship where we no longer have any rights or freedom. How many of you believe that the governments placing cameras on the roads and on top of buildings are really about watching traffic?I believe that it is really about watching the people. So, it’s already begun. d. Give an Example: We need to stand together and we need to tell our friends and loved ones. Spread the word tell people about what’s going on! Everyone needs to know that our rights are at risk right now! e. Restate the point: America is going to change dramatically if Julian Assange is arrested for being a journalist. f. Transition: Let’s summarize what I have been talking to you about today. III. Conclusion 1.Restate thesis: Julian Assange should be afforded the same rights as every other Journalist. 2. Restate main points: Julian Assange is being attacked by so many companies and governments. His rights are being violated and it’s going to change America if our government succeeds in arre sting Julian Assange. 3. Call- to-Action: Protest! Say what you think! We need to challenge our government and show them that they are wrong because if we don’t America, the so-called land of the free, is soon to be the Soviet America.

Human Resource Management and Organizational Behaviour Within a Multinational Leader H&M

Human resource management and organizational behaviour within a multinational leader Hennes & Mauritz is a multinational retail-clothing company operating in 38 countries and employing a total of 87,000 people. It has been founded in 1947 in Sweden and experienced a rapid growth due to international expansion since the 1960’s. H&M’s mission is at the same time one of the reason for its big and fast success; offering fashion and quality at the best price. Customer expactations are supposed to be exceeded at all times as well as customers being satisfied with the company itself. In order to achieve that H&M needs to sustain its very positive brand image and staff that is organized in the best possible way to handle those goals set. In its annual report it is stated that the company’s focus should be on commercial mindset, simplicity, constant improvement, cost consciousness and entrepreneurship. With those aspects in mind, the long term goal being „making fashion available to everyone, giving the customer a fashion experience that strengthens H&M brandâ€Å" should be reached allowing the business to further expand and to enter new markets on the basis of a 10-15% growth per year, funded internally. Over the years, the company has set a strategy which has the three main aspects of price, design and merger &acquisitions. First of all, since H&M always tries to offer their customers the lowest price possible, they need to achieve a competitive advantage to achieve low costs, and sustaining profitability at very low prices. This is achieved through keeping the number of middlemen to a minimum, benefiting of economies of scale, taking advantage of their great experience and selecting suppliers carefully and keeping distribution costs as low as possible. Designing is completly processed inh-house while all of the production is outsorced but its outcome is tested carefully on a regular basis to ensure high quality at all times. Mergers & acquistions have also been one of the company’s major strategy in the past, especially focusing on acquisitions of small design companies to enrich their product portfolio and being able to offer diversified products worldwide which is an essential part of their international expansion strategy. H&M’s corporate strategy is to expand on a continuing basis, and as a consequence, employee strength also increases continuously. For 2009, H&M’s The continous expansion means that there is also an ongoing process of recruitment within the company, as additional staff is needed with every new shop opening. Annual increase in the number of employees for the upcoming years is 5000-10,000 people from all different kinds of backgrounds, mostly recruited locally at the place of store opening. H&M puts a strong emhasis is to maintain their image of being a good employer, which will help them not only to be confronted with a higher number of applicants for job vaccancies, but also reduces staff turnover as well as it increases employee’s satisfaction towards their job and hence, productivity. This also includes making efforts that exceed national requirements of employer’s responsibilities, which are, especially in some of the recently entered asian markets, very low compared to western standards. This objective is summarized by the HR department as following: â€Å"In order to meet people’s expectations of H&M as an attractive employer, the company develops global guide lines on diversity, equal rights and against discrimination† Hennes & Mauritz wants to give every employee the feeling that they are an essential part of the business, constently offering them to develop and giving the positive signals that promotions are within the company are always ahead. The company is very open towards trade unions and is known for its good and close communication on an employee-management level. Represantitves are being elected which frequently discuss possibilities for improvement with managers, representing the employee’s opinions while at the same time managers are encouraged to actively communicate with employees of all levels as well. This creates a strong feeling of trust within the organization, which is excellent at managing diversity. At times of promotions, managers are advised first to look for the best candidate internally in order to gain advantage of the employee’s experience with the company and encouraging others to work hard and being the best andidate for future promotions. However, the companies philosophy is built among a concept which does not award employees with outstanding job titles but instead continiously increasing opportunities and responsibilities. The fast international expansion of course requires high level of training of new staff. As stated before, internal recruitment is one the main objectives, but since the number of staff is growing so fast, new employees need to be introduced to the job quickly. This process is being accelerated by on-the-job training in which new staff in new markets is invited to join a co-workers in an established market to be introduced into the philosophies, practices and day-to-day tasks. One of the main characteristics a H&M employee therefore needs to bring is a sense of entrepreneurship, good communication skills and being open to work in different environments. Once being hired by H&M, the employee is offered a huge range of benefits for which the company is well recognized for (a list of possible benefits is attached in the appendix)